Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia(HT).Meth-ods:The clinical data of 872 neonates were retrospectively analyzed.According to the age of birth,they were divided into preterm group and full-term group.Serum thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)level,prevalence rate of HT and clinical characteristics were compared between groups.Logistic binary regression equation was used to analyze the risk factors of neonatal HT.Results:Among the 872 neo-nates,there were 105 cases of preterm infants and 767 cases of full-term infants,and 216 cases were with HT,accounting for 24.77％.The prevalence rate of HT in preterm group and full-term group was 37.14％and 23.08％,the prevalence rate of HT and serum TSH level in preterm group were higher than those in full-term group(P＜0.05).The proportions of low birth weight,intrauterine distress,elderly parturient women,history of adverse pregnancy and thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy in HT children in preterm group and full-term group were higher than those in non-HT children(P＜0.05),and the birth head circumference and body length were lower than those in non-HT children(P＜0.05).Logistic regression equation analysis showed that preterm delivery,low birth quality,intrau-terine distress,elderly parturient women,adverse pregnancy history,and thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy were all risk factors for neonatal HT(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Preterm birth,low birth weight,intrauterine distress,elderly parturient women,adverse pregnancy history,and thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy are all risk factors for neonatal HT.It is necessary to enhance clinical attention and actively take preventive measures.