Objective:To compare the efficacy of intravitreal injection of ozurdex and aflibercept in the treatment of cystoid mac-ular edema(CME)caused by diabetic retinopathy(DR)and its influence on visual field gray value,macular thickness and inflamma-tory factors.Methods:The case data of 92 patients(164 eyes)with CME caused by DR were collected,and the above patients were di-vided into ozurdex group(n=47,79 eyes)and aflibercept group(n=45,85 eyes)by treatment methods.The ozurdex group was given injection of ozurdex(0.7 mg),while the aflibercept group was given injection of aflibercept(2 mg).The efficacy,visual acuity,visual field,macular parameters,inflammation and biochemical indexes were evaluated after 3 months of treatment,and the incidence rates of adverse events in the two groups during treatment were counted.Results:The efficacy in ozurdex group was better(P＜0.05),and the light sensitivity was higher than that in aflibercept group(P＜0.05),and the BCVA LogMAR value,visual field gray value,central macular thickness(CRT),total macular volume(TMV),interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β),interleukin-23(IL-23)and monocyte chemoattrac-tant protein-1(MCP-1)were lower(P＜0.05).However,the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and stromal cell-de-rived factor 1(SDF-1)in aflibercept group were lower(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the total incidence rates of adverse events(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Compared with aflibercept,ozurdex has better efficacy in the treatment of CME caused by DR.Ozurdex has rapid visual acuity recovery,obvious improvement of visual field and relieved inflammatory response,but the effect of inhib-iting neovascularization is slightly worse than that of aflibercept.