This paper is the preface to the current issue of "basic research on Stereology application". Taking "the decrease of sperm count in epididymis of streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic rats" as an example, from the perspective of histology, the author elaborated the methodological issues that may be involved in the study, including the inherent defect of microscopic observation research -- the reference trap, and called on histology researchers to devote themselves to histological research, pay attention to further improve histological research with the help of stereology (the basic methodology for quantitative study of microstructure), so as to make the results of histological research more objective and reliable, so as to avoid histology becoming the basis or basis of pseudoscience.