Objective:To investigate the factors affecting the efficacy of stage Ⅰ tympanoplasty for chronic otitis media.Methods:A total of 120 patients with chronic otitis media were selected as the research subjects.All patients underwent One-Stage Tympanoplasty.According to the evaluation of air-bone gap(ABG)at 6 months post-operation,postoperative ABG≤20 dB was defined as good hearing recovery,and postoperative ABG>20 dB was defined as poor hearing recovery,patients were divided into two groups based on their hearing recovery status.Single-factor analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to further screen for independent factors affecting the effect of hearing recovery.Results:Among the 120 eli-gible patients,there were 85 cases in the good hearing recovery group and 35 cases in the poor hearing recovery group,respec-tively,with a treatment effectiveness rate of 70.8％.There were no significant differences in gender,age,body mass index,le-sion distribution,pathological classification,personal history,and distribution of underlying comorbidities between the two groups of patients(P>0.05).The average postoperative AC and ABG of the group with good recovery were(43.95±7.24)dB and(15.21±3.07)dB,respectively,which were lower than those of the group with poor recovery(P<0.05).The propor-tion of patients with unobstructed Eustachian tube,normal tympanic mucosa,intact stapes structure,and presence of tympanic membrane tension tendon in the well recovered group was higher than that in the poorly recovered group.The proportion of pa-tients with ossicular chain lesions was lower than that in the poorly recovered group(P<0.05).The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that intact stapes structure,presence of tympanic membrane tension tendon,and unobstructed Eustachian tube were independent influencing factors for good hearing recovery(OR>1,P<0.05).Conclusion:One stage tympanoplasty is an effective method for treating chronic otitis media.The intact structure of the stapes,the presence of the tympanic membrane tension tendon,and the patency of the Eustachian tube are independent factors affecting good postoperative hearing recovery.