Objective: To explore the impact of health importance and barriers to independent medical care on aging anxiety based on the empirical analysis of CGSS 2021. Methods: Collected comprehensive social survey data from 1,190 elderly people in China and the univariate analysis was used to investigate the differences in aging anxiety among different demographic characteristics. The correlation between the importance of health, barriers to independent medical care, and aging anxiety was analyzed by Pearson’s correlation analysis, and the influencing factors of aging anxiety was analyzed by multivariate linear regression method. Results: Measurement of the Aging Anxiety Scale showed that the mean value of the anxiety level of the elderly in China was (3.35?±?1.02) points, and the anxiety level was at a moderately high level. Univariate analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the level of aging anxiety among elderly people of different genders, educational levels, self-rated health status, and whether they had chronic diseases or long-term health problems (P<0.05). Among them, women, those with lower educational levels, poorer self-rated health status, and chronic diseases or long-term health problems were more likely to experience aging anxiety (P<0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that self-assessment of health status, presence of chronic diseases or long-term health problems, health importance, and barriers to seeking medical treatment alone had an impact on aging anxiety (P<0.05). Among them, the better the self-assessment of health status, the lower the aging anxiety of the elderly (P<0.05); suffering from chronic diseases or long-term health problems could exacerbate aging anxiety (P<0.05); the deeper the understanding of the importance of health, the higher the aging anxiety (P<0.05); the greater the obstacle of seeking medical treatment alone, the higher the anxiety of aging (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that aging anxiety was positively correlated with the importance of health and the difficulty of seeking medical treatment alone (P<0.05); the importance of health was negatively correlated with the difficulty of seeking medical treatment alone (P<0.05). Conclusion: The importance of health, obstacles to seeking medical treatment alone, and anxiety related to aging in the elderly are closely related. Relevant departments should construct a perfect health service system, optimize age-appropriate medical support, and carry out accurate health education to alleviate aging anxiety in the elderly.