Objective: To explore the efficacy of autologous emulsified fat grafting in the treatment of early proliferative scarring leading to joint dysfunction. Methods: 84 patients with early proliferative scarring leading to joint dysfunction were included in the prospective study, and were divided into the control group (n = 42) and the treatment group (n = 42) according to different treatment methods. The control group was treated with conventional scar surface topical application of silicone gel (scarin), and the treatment group was treated with intra-proliferative scar injection of autologous adipose tissue. Both groups were followed up for 2 months. The efficacy, scar condition [Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) scores], joint function recovery, inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8)], scar index, scar hardness, thickness, width, and pathological indicators of scar tissue [fibroblast density, collagen fiber surface density, type I collagen, type III collagen], as well as the occurrence of complications between the two groups were recorded and compared. Results: The treatment group showed higher effective treatment rates and excellent joint function recovery rates compared to the control group (P 0.05). Conclusion: The efficacy of using intra-proliferative scar injection of autologous adipose tissue for the treatment of early proliferative scarring resulting in joint dysfunction is precise, which helps to reduce the inflammatory response, improve the degree of scarring, inhibit scar proliferation, enhance the aesthetic effect, and facilitate joint function recovery.