Objective: To explore the application value of uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (U-VATS) in patients with lung cancer combined with dysplastic pulmonary fissures. Methods: A total of 180 patients with lung cancer and dysplastic pulmonary fissures were selected as the research subjects. According to different lobectomy methods, they were divided into SUTL group (n=96) and conventional uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy (CUTL) group (n=84). The differences in perioperative indexes, pulmonary air leakage and complications were compared between the two groups. Results: Compared with the CUTL group, the operation time, postoperative indwelling time of thoracic drainage tube and total length of hospital stay were shortened (P<0.05); intraoperative blood loss and total volume of thoracic drainage were reduced (P<0.05); VAS scores from 1 to 5 days after surgery, the incidence of pulmonary air leakage and persistent pulmonary air leakage were decreased (P<0.05); and the duration of pulmonary air leakage was shortened in the SUTL group (P<0.05). The total incidence of postoperative complications in the SUTL group was lower than that in the CUTL group (P<0.05). Conclusion: SUTL can provide safer, more efficient and minimally invasive surgical treatment for patients with lung cancer and dysplastic pulmonary fissures. It significantly optimizes perioperative outcomes and accelerates recovery, and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.