Objective: To summarize the clinical manifestations, serological findings and electromyographic features of anti-MAG antibody-associated peripheral neuropathy, as well as its diagnosis and treatment, so as to deepen the understanding of this disease and reduce missed diagnoses. Methods: The clinical data of 1 patient with anti-MAG antibody-associated peripheral neuropathy were retrospectively analyzed, and relevant literature was reviewed for discussion. Results: The patient presented with fatigue and numbness in both lower limbs for 1 month. After being initially diagnosed with cerebral infarction and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, further serological tests were performed, and the final diagnosis of anti-MAG antibody-associated peripheral neuropathy was confirmed. Conclusion: When symptoms cannot be explained by a single etiology or the treatment response is poor, clinicians should actively explore potential causes and consider multiple differential diagnoses. For patients with peripheral neuropathy mainly manifested as sensory and motor dysfunction of both lower limbs, this disease should be suspected. Timely detection of monoclonal IgM and anti-MAG antibodies is recommended to achieve early diagnosis and treatment.