Objective: To study the expression of miRNAs in peripheral blood of diabetic encephalopathy and to investigate the predicting effect of miRNA-368 on diabetic encephalopathy. Methods: qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miRNA-368 in peripheral blood of patients with diabetic encephalopathy in Sanya. MiRNA-368 was transfected into peripheral blood mononuclear cells of diabetic patients. The transfection efficiency was detected by qRT-PCR. The effect of miRNA-368 on the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in diabetic brain patients was detected by CCK-8 and clonogenic assay. The effect of miRNA-368 on the peripheral blood mononuclear cell cycle and apoptotic rate in diabetic patients with cerebral encephalopathy was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: The relative expression of miRNA-368 in 27 patients with diabetic encephalopathy was 1.402, and the 95% CI was 0.363-0.595. The relative expression level of miRNA-368 was not related to the general data of patients such as age and gender (P> 0.05), while the relative expression of miRNA-368 in patients with diabetic encephalopathy was significantly increased (P <0.05). The relative expression of miRNA-368 was significantly correlated with that of diabetic encephalopathy. QRT-PCR showed that peripheral blood of patients with diabetic encephalopathy and diabetic encephalopathy Monocyte miRNA-368 expression was significantly up-regulated. After the intervention of si-miRNA-368, the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in diabetic brain patients was inhibited and the apoptosis rate increased. Conclusion: The expression of miRNA-368 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of diabetic encephalopathy patients was significantly up-regulated, which promoted the development of diabetic encephalopathy.