Objective:To explore the related factors of anemia in premature infants.Methods:410 premature infants were retro-spectively collected and divided into anemia group(n=153)and non-anemia group(n=257)based on whether anemia occurs or not.The general information such as collect sex,number of fetuses,conception,mode of delivery,premature rupture of membranes,maternal anemia,maternal cholestasis,gestational hypertension,gestational diabetes,gestational hypothyroidism,prenatal use of hormones,intrau-terine distress,cardiopulmonary resuscitation,preeclampsia,pulmonary surfactant use,mechanical ventilation,intravenous nutrition,neo-natal septicemia,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,gestational age,birth weight,length of stay,birth hemoglobin content,birth red blood cell count,mechanical ventilation,pregnancy,number of births,maternal age,multivariate,pregnancy,number of births,and mater-nal age were compared between two groups.Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the independent influencing factors.Results:There were statistically significant difference in intrauterine distress,cardiopulmonary resuscitation,preeclampsia,neonatal sepsis,neo-natal respiratory distress syndrome,mechanical ventilation,pulmonary surfactant use,intravenous nutrition use,length of hospital stay,gestational age,mechanical ventilation time,birth hemoglobin content,birth weight,and birth red blood cell count between two groups(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in other data(P＞0.05).The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of days in hospital,the use of parenteral nutrition and preeclampsia were the risk factors of anemia in premature infants(OR=1.105,2.424,5.113,P＜0.05),birth weight and hemoglobin content were protective factors for anemia in premature infants(OR=0.999,0.904,P＜0.05).Conclusion:Lower birth weight,lower birth hemoglobin content,longer hospital stay,pregnant women with preeclampsia and use of intravenous nutrition will increase the risk of anemia in premature infants.