Objective:To observe the efficacy of Augmented Lou Bei Er Chen Decoction in treating pulmonary nodule(PN)characterized by Qi stagnation and phlegm stasis with concomitant anxiety and depression based on the theory of"state-target syndrome differentiation".Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 80 patients diagnosed with PN presenting Qi stagnation and phlegm stasis with anxiety and depression.These patients were divided into two groups:The control group,consisting of 40 participants,received Shu Gan Jie Yu Capsules.On the other hand,the treatment group,with also 40 participants,was administered Augmented Lou BeiEr Chen Decoction in addition to Shu Gan Jie Yu Capsules,the course of treatment was 3 months.Clinical efficacy,Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,psychological states[assessed using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)],and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups at baseline and after 3 months of treatment.Results:After a 3-month treatment period,the treatment group exhibited a significant reduction in the maximum diameter of nodules compared to the control group(P＜0.05).Moreover,there was a notable discrepancy in clinical efficacy between the two groups post-treatment,with the treatment group demonstrating a higher overall clinical effective rate than the control group(47.50％vs.17.5％,P＜0.05).Following the 3-month treatment duration,both groups experienced decreases in SAS,SDS and TCM syndrome scores,these scores were consistently lower in the treatment group compared to those of the control group(P＜0.05).Importantly,sig-nificant differences were observed in TCM syndrome efficacy between the two groups after treatment,with a higher total effective rate of TCM syndrome efficacy found within the treatment group compared to that of the control group(P＜0.05).Notably,no statistically sig-nificant difference was detected regarding adverse reaction incidence between both groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Based on the theory of"state-target syndrome differentiation",Augmented Lou Bei Er Chen Decoction intervention in the treatment of PN with anxiety and depression demonstrates significant clinical efficacy and warrants further promotion.