Objective:To investigate the correlation between distribution of bone cement in vertebral body and degree of pain after percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF).Methods:The clinical data of 150 patients with OVCF who received PVP were retrospectively analyzed.According to the bone cement distribution index(DI),they were divided into bone cement full dispersion group(n=96)and bone cement insufficient disper-sion group(n=54).The visual analogue scale(VAS),anterior vertebral height,kyphosis Cobb angle,bone mineral density and total incidence rate of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups of patients.Ordered Logistic regres-sion was used to analyze the correlation between bone cement DI and VAS,anterior vertebral height,kyphosis Cobb angle,bone mineral density and total incidence rate of postoperative complications.Results:The VAS score at 1 and 3 months after surgery in the two groups of patients was lower than that at 1 week after surgery(P<0.05),and the VAS score at each time point in bone cement full dispersion group was lower than that in bone cement insufficient dispersion group(P<0.05).The anterior vertebral height ratio in both groups of patients was enhanced at 1 and 3 months after surgery compared to 1 week after surgery(P<0.05).At 1 and 3 months after surgery,the kyphosis Cobb angle in bone cement insufficient dispersion group was reduced compared with that at 1 week after surgery(P<0.05),and there was no difference in the kyphosis Cobb angle in bone cement full dispersion group(P>0.05).The anterior vertebral height ratio and kyphosis Cobb angle at each time point after surgery in bone cement fill dispersion group were lower than those in bone cement insufficient dispersion group(P<0.05).Compared with 1 week after surgery,the bone mineral density in the two groups of patients was increased at 1 month and 3 months after surgery(P<0.05),and the bone mineral density in bone cement full dispersion group was higher than that in bone cement in-sufficient dispersion group at 1 month and 3 months after surgery(P<0.05).The total incidence rate of postoperative compli-cations in bone cement full dispersion group was lower than that in bone cement insufficient dispersion group(P<0.05).Cor-relation analysis showed that bone cement DI was negatively correlated with VAS score,kyphosis Cobb angle,bone mineral den-sity and total incidence rate of postoperative complications,and was positively correlated with anterior vertebral height(P<0.05).Conclusion:The distribution of bone cement in vertebral body is closely related to the degree of pain and recovery of ver-tebral function after PVP.