Objective: To observe the curative effect of enoxaparin sodium combined with modified Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction and acupuncture in deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and explore its action mechanism. Methods: The patients with DVT treated in the hospital were retrospectively enrolled, including 53 cases in control group (anticoagulation therapy with enoxaparin sodium) and 53 cases in observation group (enoxaparin sodium combined with modified Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction + acupuncture). The clinical effect, circumference difference of affected limbs before and after treatment, and level of serum D-dimer (D-D) were compared between the two groups. The changes in hemorheology (hematocrit, red blood cell distribution width, fibrinogen) and serum inflammatory factor [interleukin (IL)-6] before and after treatment were observed. The correlation between hemorheology indexes, serum inflammatory factor and circumference difference of affected limbs was analyzed. Results: Compared with control group after treatment, total response rate was higher in observation group (P<0.05), circumference difference of thigh/shank, levels of serum D-D, hemorheology indexes and IL-6 were lower (P <0.05). The hemorheology indexes and serum IL-6 were positively correlated with circumference difference of thigh/shank (P<0.001). Conclusion: The clinical curative effect of modified Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction combined with acupuncture is more significant in DVT, and the mechanism of action may be related to improving hemorheology state and inhibiting excessive inflammatory response.