Objective: To explore the influence of nursing chronic disease rehabilitation management program construction based on the optimal management control effect of cardiac rehabilitation exercise on patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 86 patients who underwent PCI were divided into a control group and an experimental group according to the nursing methods they received, with 43 patients in each group. The control group received routine nursing care, while the experimental group received intensified management based on an individualized cardiac rehabilitation program. Cardiac function, health-related physical fitness, 6-minute walking distance, and quality of life were compared between the two groups at different time points, and rehabilitation satisfaction was also assessed. Results: Compared with those before the intervention, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), VO2max, oxygen pulse, 6-minute walking distance, and SF-36 scores at discharge and 3 months after discharge increased in both groups (P<0.05), while left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and resting heart rate (RHR) decreased (P<0.05). The above indicators in the experimental group were superior to those in the control group at all corresponding time points (P<0.05). Patient satisfaction in the experimental group was also higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The nursing chronic disease rehabilitation management program based on optimized management of cardiac rehabilitation exercise is more beneficial for improving postoperative cardiac function in PCI patients, and is more effective in enhancing exercise endurance and quality of life, making it more acceptable to patients.