Objective: To explore the application effect of intraoperative position nursing combined with three-period multi-mode insulation nursing in the perioperative period of patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy (TURP). Methods: A total of 108 patients who underwent TURP were selected and divided into two groups based on the different nursing methods, with 54 cases in each group. The control group received routine perioperative nursing intervention, while the observation group received intraoperative body position nursing combined with three-period multi-mode thermal insulation nursing on the basis of the nursing regimen in the control group. The intervention time was 1 month. The perioperative body temperature changes, postoperative recovery indicators (urinary catheter indwelling time, length of hospital stay), lower urinary tract symptoms [International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)], quality of life [Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74 (GQOLI-74)], and occurrence of perioperative adverse events (hypothermia, chills, postoperative bladder spasm) were compared between the two groups. Results: Compared with the control group, the body temperatures at 30 minutes during surgery, at the end of surgery, and at 2 hours after surgery were higher in the observation group (P < 0.05). The urinary catheter indwelling time in the observation group was shorter compared with the control group (P < 0.05), and the length of hospital stay was shorter (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group at 1 month after surgery showed a lower IPSS score (P < 0.05) and higher scores on the dimensions of GQOLI-74 (P < 0.05). The overall incidence rate of perioperative adverse events was lower in the observation group compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combined application of intraoperative body position nursing and three-period multi-mode thermal insulation nursing in the perioperative nursing of TURP patients can effectively maintain perioperative body temperature stability, accelerate the rehabilitation process, improve lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life, and reduce perioperative adverse events.